Safety of Supracostal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Paediatric Population: A Single Centre Experience

Objective The objective of this study is assessment of safety and efficacy of supracostal mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients. Methodology This is prospective study of patients whose kidney stones were treated with mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy through supracostal approach between February 2019 and Dec 2020.These patients were selected for supracostal puncture based on preoperative ultrasound and CT KUB findings and peroperative assessment of stone burden, stone location and anatomy of pelvicalyceal system. Results Of 80 patients 72(90%) were treated with only one supracostal puncture while additional 2nd puncture was used for 8(10%) patients. Overall stone clearance is 85% only with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the stone clearance has reached to 95% with ancillary procedures.13% of patient had hydrothorax , 3.75% had urosepsis, 2.75% had bleeding and 1.25 % had perinephric fluid collection. Conclusion This study concludes that the safety and efficacy of supracostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy is same as subcostal pcnl if surgical boundaries are not violated

LENGTH AND WIDTH OF THE FOOT OF CERTAIN ELKINMETEKIH VARIABLES AND SCORING ACCURACY OF THE FOOT

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على علاقة بعض طول القدم وعرضها على بعض العناصر المتعلقة بالتصويب ، دقة التصويب ، وكذلك التصويب بوجه القدم ، وقام الباحثين باجراء الدراسة على عينة مقدارها (6) لاعبيات كرة قدم من نادي أفوردة الرياضي ، وتم اجراء المعاملات الاحصائية المناسبة . أظهرت النتائج الدراسة عدم وجود علاقة مابين طول وعرض القدم على عناصر زاوية الركبة ، الجذع ، السرعة ،زاوية الركبة . كما لم تظهر الدراسة أية فروق ذات دلالة مابين طول وعرض القدم على دقة التصويب . توصي الدراسة باختيار لاعبات ذوات سيقان طويلة ، وكذلك تمتع اللاعبة قوة بالقدمين تؤثر على دقة التصويبThe research aims to the following: 1) To identify the measures (length and width) of the foot of the research sample; 2) To identify the scoring accuracy of the front foot of the research sample, 3) To identify the relation between the length and width of the foot, certain ELKINMETEKIH VARIABLES, scoring of the front foot of research sample. The research sample conducted on AFRODIT SPORTS CLUB for female players, (6) players where the Researchers used the descriptive approach by using associative relations, whereby a research sample purposely, use of devices, tools and means of date gathering and processing by using appropriate statistical means. Subsequent to collecting the results, discussing the same scientifically supported with resources to achieve the objectives of the research and proof its assumption. In light of the research results, the Researchers reached to the following conclusions: *Insignificant relation between (length and width of foot), (right knee angle 1, left knee angle 1, truncus 1, speed, right knee angle 2, left angle 2 and truncus angle 2); *Insignificant relation between (length and width of foot) and (scoring accuracy). In light of conclusion of Researchers, we could recommend the following: *Upon selecting female football players, they should have long foot; *To ensure the strongest foot in proportion to the method of scoring to hit the targe

Impact of Varying Load Conditions and Cooling Energy Comparison of a Double-Inlet Pulse Tube Refrigerator

Modeling and optimization of a double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator (DIPTR) is very difficult due to its geometry and nature. The objective of this paper was to optimize-DIPTR through experiments with the cold heat exchanger (CHX) along the comparison of cooling load with experimental data using different boundary conditions. To predict its performance, a detailed two-dimensional DIPTR model was developed. A double-drop pulse pipe cooler was used for solving continuity, dynamic and power calculations. External conditions for applicable boundaries include sinusoidal pressure from an end of the tube from a user-defined function and constant temperature or limitations of thermal flux within the outer walls of exchanger walls under colder conditions. The results of the system's cooling behavior were reported, along with the connection between the mass flow rates, heat distribution along pulse tube and cold-end pressure, the cooler load's wall temp profile and cooler loads with varied boundary conditions i.e. opening of 20% double-inlet and 40-60% orifice valves, respectively. Different loading conditions of 1 and 5W were applied on the CHX. At 150 K temperature of the cold-end heat exchanger, a maximum load of 3.7 W was achieved. The results also reveal a strong correlation between computational fluid dynamics modeling results and experimental results of the DIPTR